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| source: wikipedia |
A keyboard is a type of input device used to enter characters and commands into a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device. It consists of a series of buttons or keys, each of which corresponds to a particular character, symbol, or command.
When a user presses a key on the keyboard, it sends an electronic signal to the computer, which translates it into the corresponding character or command. Keyboards can be physical or virtual, with physical keyboards typically consisting of a set of buttons arranged in a specific layout, and virtual keyboards being displayed on a touchscreen or other electronic display.
Keyboards are an essential component of modern computing, enabling users to interact with their devices and input text, numbers, and other data quickly and efficiently. They come in a variety of styles and layouts, with some designed specifically for gaming, programming, or other specialized applications.
Keyboard Keys and Switches
Keys are the physical buttons on a keyboard that are pressed by the user to input data. They are typically arranged in a specific layout, such as the QWERTY layout, and can vary in size and shape depending on the keyboard design. When a key is pressed, it sends a signal to the computer or device, which then interprets the signal and displays the corresponding character or command on the screen.
Switches, on the other hand, are the underlying mechanisms that allow keys to function. They are small components that sit beneath each key and detect when a key is pressed. There are several types of switches used in keyboards, including mechanical switches, membrane switches, and scissor switches. Each type of switch has its own unique design and feel, which can impact the typing experience for the user. For example, mechanical switches are known for their tactile feedback and durability, while membrane switches are quieter and more affordable.
Types of Keyboards
There are several types of keyboards available, each with its unique features and designs that make it suitable for different applications and users. Here are some of the most common types of keyboards:
Gaming keyboard: A gaming keyboard is a specialized keyboard designed specifically for gaming. It typically includes features such as programmable keys, customizable lighting, and dedicated multimedia controls. Gaming keyboards often have mechanical switches and are optimized for fast and precise keystrokes.
Mechanical keyboard: A mechanical keyboard is a type of keyboard that uses mechanical switches under each keycap to register keystrokes. They offer a tactile feel and audible feedback that can enhance typing speed and accuracy. Mechanical keyboards are often preferred by gamers and typists who require precision and durability.
Ergonomic keyboard: An ergonomic keyboard is designed to reduce the strain and discomfort associated with long hours of typing. It is typically split in the middle or angled to allow for a more natural typing posture. Ergonomic keyboards may also include wrist rests and customizable key layouts to reduce strain on the hands and wrists.
Virtual keyboard: A virtual keyboard is a software-based keyboard that appears on a computer or mobile device screen. It is typically used in situations where a physical keyboard is not available or practical, such as on touch screen devices or in public spaces. Virtual keyboards may be customizable and offer a variety of languages and layouts.
Flexible keyboard: A flexible keyboard is a type of keyboard that can be rolled up or folded for easy storage and transportation. They are often made of silicone or other flexible materials, making them durable and resistant to spills and other damage. Flexible keyboards may be wireless or wired and offer a variety of switch types.
Wireless keyboard: A wireless keyboard is a type of keyboard that connects to a computer or other device through a wireless connection such as Bluetooth or RF. They offer the convenience of being able to use the keyboard at a distance from the device and are often battery-powered. Wireless keyboards may be standard or ergonomic and offer a variety of switch types.
Numeric keyboard: A numeric keyboard, also known as a number pad, is a separate set of keys designed for entering numbers quickly and easily. It is typically located on the right side of a standard keyboard and includes additional mathematical and calculation keys. Numeric keyboards may be wired or wireless and may include additional features such as programmable keys.
In summary, there are several types of keyboards available, each with its unique features and designs that make it suitable for different applications and users.
Types of Keyboard Layouts
There are several types of keyboard layouts available, each with a unique arrangement of keys designed for different languages, scripts, and typing systems. Here are some of the most common keyboard layouts:
- QWERTY: The QWERTY keyboard layout is the most commonly used keyboard layout worldwide. It was originally designed to prevent mechanical typewriters from jamming by placing frequently used letter pairs farther apart. The layout is named for the first six letters in the top row of keys. Despite criticisms of its inefficiency, the QWERTY layout has remained the standard for over a century.
- AZERTY: The AZERTY keyboard layout is used primarily in France and Belgium. It is similar to the QWERTY layout, but with some letters and symbols rearranged. For example, the A and Q keys are swapped, as are the Z and W keys. The AZERTY layout also includes additional symbols and accents commonly used in French.
- QWERTZ: The QWERTZ keyboard layout is used primarily in Germany and Austria. It is similar to the QWERTY layout, but with the Y and Z keys swapped, as well as some additional symbols and accents commonly used in German.
- DVORAK: The Dvorak keyboard layout is an alternative keyboard layout designed to improve typing speed and reduce strain on the hands and wrists. It places the most frequently used letters in the English language on the home row, and is intended to require less finger movement and reduce hand fatigue. Despite its potential benefits, the Dvorak layout has not gained widespread adoption and remains a niche option for those seeking a more ergonomic typing experience.
- COLEMAK: The Colemak keyboard layout is another alternative keyboard layout designed to improve typing speed and reduce strain on the hands and wrists. It is similar to the Dvorak layout but places some additional commonly used keys on the home row. The Colemak layout has gained some popularity among typists seeking a more ergonomic and efficient typing experience.
- HANGUL: The Hangul keyboard layout is used for typing the Korean language. It is based on the Korean alphabet, which is composed of 24 letters. The Hangul layout places these letters in a grid of two rows and 10 columns, with additional keys for symbols and punctuation.
- PINYIN: The Pinyin keyboard layout is used for typing the Chinese language using the Pinyin romanization system. It includes a combination of letters and diacritic marks that represent the sounds of Chinese characters. The Pinyin layout places these letters and marks on a standard QWERTY keyboard, with additional keys for commonly used Chinese characters. It is commonly used in mainland China and is the official input method for the Chinese language.
In summary, there are several types of keyboard layouts available, each with a unique arrangement of keys designed for different languages, scripts, and typing systems.
Types of Keyboard Keys
- Membrane keys: Membrane keys are thin, flexible, pressure-sensitive pads that detect keypresses by registering changes in electrical resistance. They are usually found on low-cost keyboards or laptops, and offer a soft and quiet typing experience. They are durable, resistant to spills, and easy to clean, but lack tactile feedback.
- Mechanical keys: Mechanical keys use individual mechanical switches under each keycap, providing a responsive and tactile typing experience. They offer a variety of key switch types, including linear, tactile, and clicky, each with a distinct feel and sound. They are durable and long-lasting, but tend to be more expensive, and require more force to press.
- Scissor-switch keys: Scissor-switch keys use a folding mechanism under each key, providing a short travel distance and a low-profile design. They are usually found on laptops and slim desktop keyboards, and offer a quiet and comfortable typing experience. They are more durable and responsive than membrane keys, but less tactile than mechanical keys.
- Chicklet keys: Chicklet keys refer to square-shaped keys with rounded edges, resembling small pieces of gum. They are usually found on low-profile keyboards, laptops, or tablets, and provide a clean and modern look. They are usually made with membrane or scissor-switch mechanisms, and offer a quiet and comfortable typing experience.
- Optical-mechanical keys: Optical-mechanical keys use a combination of mechanical switches and optical sensors to detect keypresses. They offer the tactile feedback and durability of mechanical keys, but with faster response times and lower actuation force. They are ideal for gaming, and tend to be more expensive than traditional mechanical keys.
Types of Keyboard Switches
There are several types of switches used in different types of keyboards.
Linear switches: Linear switches are keyboard switches that provide a smooth, consistent keystroke from top to bottom without any tactile bump or audible click. They are generally preferred for gaming or fast typing, as they allow for quick and fluid keystrokes. They are quieter than tactile or clicky switches, making them ideal for shared workspaces.
Tactile switches: Tactile switches provide a noticeable bump or tactile feedback when the key is pressed, indicating that the key has been actuated. They are often used for typing, as the feedback helps with accuracy and typing speed. They are also popular for gaming, as they provide a satisfying tactile response when a key is pressed.
Clicky switches: Clicky switches are tactile switches that also provide an audible "click" sound when the key is pressed. They are popular with typists who enjoy the satisfying feedback of the click sound, and they provide an unmistakable indication that the key has been actuated. They can be quite loud, which may be a consideration for those working in shared spaces.
Hybrid switches: Hybrid switches are a combination of linear and tactile switches, providing both smooth keystrokes and tactile feedback. They can be customized to provide varying levels of tactile feedback, making them a versatile choice for both typing and gaming. Hybrid switches are often quieter than clicky switches, but still offer a satisfying tactile response.
Low-profile switches: Low-profile switches are designed to have a shorter key travel distance and a lower profile than traditional switches, resulting in a slimmer keyboard design. They are often used in laptops and portable keyboards, but are also available in desktop keyboards. They offer a unique typing experience that may take some time to adjust to, but are well-suited for those who prefer a shallower keystroke.
Mechanical Keyboard Vs Gaming Keyboard
Gaming keyboards, on the other hand, are specifically designed for gaming and offer a range of features that cater to gamers' needs. They often have programmable keys that can be customized for specific games or macros, as well as backlighting and dedicated multimedia controls. Gaming keyboards may use mechanical switches or other types of switches optimized for fast and precise keystrokes.
One of the main differences between mechanical keyboards and gaming keyboards is the focus on customization. While mechanical keyboards may offer some degree of customization, they are generally designed for general typing and may not have the same level of customization as gaming keyboards. Gaming keyboards, on the other hand, often allow for a high degree of customization through software or hardware controls, making them ideal for gamers who want to tailor their keyboard to their specific gaming needs.
Overall, the main difference between mechanical keyboards and gaming keyboards is the intended use. Mechanical keyboards are built for durability and precision, while gaming keyboards are optimized for gaming and offer a range of features to enhance the gaming experience.